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What is the normal blood sugar level for adults?

Blood Sugar Levels After Fasting

Fasting blood sugar levels of 99 mg/dL or less are regarded normal, 100 mg/dL to 125 mg/dL are considered prediabetic, and 126 mg/dL or higher are termed diabetes levels.

The sudden onset of type 1 diabetes symptoms is a common reason to check blood sugar levels. Because symptoms of other types of diabetes and pre-diabetes develop more gradually or are not visible, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) has developed screening recommendations. The ADA recommends screening for diabetes in the following people:

Regardless of age, anyone with a body mass index greater than 25 (23 for Asian Americans) and extra risk factors. These include high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol levels, a sedentary lifestyle, a family history of diabetes or polycystic ovarian syndrome, and high blood pressure or polycystic ovary syndrome.

A baseline blood sugar test is indicated for everybody over the age of 35. If the outcomes are typical,

After that, they should undergo screening every three years.

It is recommended that women who have experienced gestational diabetes undergo a diabetes screening every three years.

It is recommended that everyone with pre-diabetes undergo annual testing.

Testing is recommended for everyone suspected of having HIV.

Tests for type 1 and type 2 diabetes and prediabetes

Random blood sugar test. At some random time, a blood sample will be obtained. If your blood sugar level is 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or above, it doesn't matter when you last had food. Diabetes is a possibility.

Fasting blood sugar test. You won't be allowed to eat anything the night before, and then a blood sample will be taken (fast). It is normal to have a fasting blood sugar level less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L). Prediabetes is defined as having a fasting blood sugar level between 100 and 125 mg/dL (5.6 and 6.9 mmol/L). You have diabetes if it is 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or above on two different tests.

Oral glucose tolerance test. You must fast the night before this test. The level of fasting blood sugar is then determined. After consuming a sugary beverage, blood sugar levels are checked every two hours.

It's usual to have blood sugar levels under 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L). After two hours, a result of greater than 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) indicates diabetes. You have prediabetes if your blood sugar level is between 140 and 199 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L and 11.0 mmol/L).

Treatment

Depending on the kind of diabetes you have, your treatment plan may include oral medications, insulin, and blood sugar monitoring. A balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and engaging in regular exercise are all crucial components of treating diabetes.

Treatments for all types of diabetes

Keeping a healthy weight through an active lifestyle and a balanced diet is crucial for managing diabetes as well as your general health:

Healthy eating.

Diabetes diets vary widely. More fruits, veggies, lean proteins, and healthy grains need to be a major part of your diet. These are nutrient-dense foods with a high fiber content that are low in calories and fat. Saturated fats, processed carbs, and sweets will all be reduced as well. In actuality, it's the family's healthiest diet. Sometimes eating sugary meals is acceptable. Their inclusion in your food plan is required.

It might be difficult to know what to eat and how much to consume. You can develop a meal plan that suits your lifestyle, food preferences, and health goals with the aid of a qualified dietitian. If you have type 1 diabetes or require insulin as part of your treatment, this will probably involve carbohydrate counting.

Physical activity. 

Aerobic exercise is necessary for everyone. Individuals with diabetes are included in this. Through the movement of sugar into your cells, where it is used as energy, physical exercise reduces blood sugar levels. Your body becomes more responsive to insulin when you exercise. So, less insulin is required by your body to deliver sugar to your cells.

Get permission to exercise from your doctor. then decide on enjoyable hobbies like riding, swimming, or strolling. The most crucial thing is to incorporate physical activity into your everyday routine.

Aim for 150 minutes or more of moderate physical activity per week, or at least 30 minutes or more on most days of the week. Throughout the day, activity bursts can last a few minutes. Start slowly and build up gradually if you haven't been active in a while. Don't sit still for too long, either. If you've been sitting for longer than 30 minutes, make an effort to stand up and move about.

• Be more active .
• Take your medication as directed.
• Observe your diabetes diet plan.
• According to your doctor's instructions, check your blood sugar.
• Consult your doctor about modifying your insulin dosage and the type of insulin you should use (such as short-acting).

Monitoring your blood sugar

You may check and record your blood sugar up to four times each day, or more frequently if you're on insulin, depending on your treatment plan. The only way to guarantee that your blood sugar level stays within your desired range is through careful monitoring. Non-insulin-using type 2 diabetics typically check their blood sugar much less frequently.

Your doctor may also advise routine A1C testing to determine your average blood sugar level over the last two to three months in addition to daily blood sugar monitoring.

A1C testing provides a more comprehensive picture of the effectiveness of your diabetes treatment regimen than repeated daily blood sugar checks. A higher A1C level could indicate that you need to adjust your oral medication, insulin regimen, or diet.

Depending on your age, as well as a number of other variables, such as any underlying medical illnesses you may have or your capacity to detect low blood sugar, your target A1C goal may change. The American Diabetes Association does, however, advise an A1C below 7% for the majority of diabetics. Find out your A1C target by speaking with your provider.

Insulin

Insulin therapy is necessary for type 1 diabetics to survive. Insulin therapy is necessary for many patients who have type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes.

There are numerous insulin formulations, including short-acting (also known as regular insulin), rapid-acting, long-acting, and intermediate choices. Your doctor can advise using a variety of insulin kinds both during the day and at night, depending on your needs.

Oral or other drugs

Your doctor may occasionally also recommend alternative oral or injectable medications. Some diabetic medications encourage the pancreas to produce more insulin. Others stop your liver from producing and releasing glucose, which reduces the amount of insulin required to transport sugar into your cells.

Others prevent the stomach or intestinal enzymes from breaking down carbohydrates, reducing their absorption, or increase the sensitivity of your tissues to insulin. The first medication for type 2 diabetes is typically metformin (Glumetza, Fortamet, and other brands).

Treatment for gestational diabetes

Maintaining the health of your unborn child depends on managing your blood sugar. It may also prevent you from experiencing difficulties during delivery. Your treatment plan can also call for regular exercise, a healthy diet, and blood sugar monitoring. You might also use oral medicines or insulin in some circumstances.

Throughout labor, your healthcare professional will check your blood sugar levels. Your baby may produce a lot of insulin if your blood sugar levels rise. This may cause low blood sugar soon after delivery.

Treatment for pre-diabetes

Healthy lifestyle choices can help pre-diabetics return to normal blood sugar levels. Or it might prevent it from increasing to levels associated with type 2 diabetes. Maintaining a healthy weight with exercise and a balanced diet might be beneficial. Type 2 diabetes may be prevented or delayed by exercising for at least 150 minutes a week and decreasing roughly 7% of your body weight.

Some people with pre-diabetes and additional diseases like heart disease may benefit from taking drugs like metformin, statins, and high blood pressure pills.

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Coping and support

Diabetes can make daily life challenging and irritating. Even when you follow all the necessary steps, your blood sugar levels may occasionally increase. But if you stick to your diabetes treatment strategy, your provider will probably notice a positive change in your A1C.

You may properly control your diabetes and enjoy a healthy, active life by following these suggestions. It's critical to remember that everyone's diabetes experience is unique, and what works for one person may not work for another. It is critical to collaborate with your healthcare team to determine what works best for you.

Source: Endocrinologist Yogish Kudva, M.B.B.S., (Mayor clinic)

Join the online community at type2diabetes.com for free and discuss your concerns and experiences with the condition.

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